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Engineering Plastics Application

Engineering Plastics Application
  • Since 1973 (Monthly)
  • ISSN:1001-3539
  • CN:37-1111/TQ
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Volume 54 期 2，2026 2026年第54卷第2期

  • Materials & Applications

    “专家采用溶液包覆工艺制备了Sb2O3/PS，通过共混挤出制备了Sb2O3/PS/PE-HD复合材料，对比考察了不同Sb2O3/PS含量的复合材料激光标记效果，为改善高密度聚乙烯激光标记效果提供了新方法。”

    HU Minglei, ZHANG Wei, HU Bin, CHU Fuqiang, YANG Haicun, CAO Zheng

    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2026.02.001
    摘要：In order to improve the laser marking effect of high-density polyethylene (PE-HD), antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) coated with polystyrene (PS) (Sb2O3/PS) was prepared by solution coating process, then the Sb2O3/PS/PE-HD composites were prepared by melt blending with using Sb2O3/PS as a laser marking additive. Laser marking was carried out on the composite samples, and the laser marking effects of the composites with different Sb2O3/PS contents were compared and investigated. The structure and morphology of Sb2O3/PS particles were characterized, and the structure, surface morphology, thermal stability and water contact angle of the laser-marked Sb2O3/PS/PE-HD composites were tested. The results show that PS successfully coats the surface of Sb2O3, resulting in the increase in Sb2O3 particle size. The laser marking effects of the Sb2O3/PS/PE-HD composites are significantly better than that of PE-HD, when the Sb2O3/PS content is 2.0 g with the content of PE-HD being 100 g, the corresponding Sb2O3/PS/PE-HD-2.0 composite has the optimal laser marking effect, with clear marking patterns and high contrast. With the increase in the content of Sb2O3/PS, the amorphous component of the laser-marked composite increases and the degree of crystallization decreases, the water contact angle increases first and then decreases. The water contact angle of Sb2O3/PS/PE-HD-2.0 composite is the largest (77°), indicating that its surface is the roughest and the laser marking effect is the best. Compared to that before laser marking, the thermal stability of the laser-marked Sb2O3/PS/PE-HD-2.0 composite decreases, and compared to that of Sb2O3/PE-HD materials, the thermal decomposition temperature of the Sb2O3/PS/PE-HD-2.0 composite also decreases. The above results indicate that the laser responsiveness of PE-HD modified by Sb2O3/PS is significantly improved and a good laser marking effect is achieved.  
    关键词：laser marking;high-density polyethylene;antimony trioxide;polystyrene;composite   
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    “专家采用环境友好的熔融己内酰胺溶剂体系，通过自由基共聚反应成功合成了具有反应活性的甲基丙烯酸甲酯 - 甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物（PMG），并将其用作聚偏二氟乙烯 / 羧基化丁腈橡胶（PVDF/XNBR）共混体系的高效增容剂，为氟塑料的合金化改性提供了有效的反应性增容、增韧新策略。”

    XIA Housheng, YANG Jintao, ZHAO Xiaoyu, SHENG Zhongyi, NIU Junfeng

    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2026.02.002
    摘要：An environmentally friendly molten ε-caprolactam solvent system was employed to successfully synthesize a reactive poly(methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PMG) copolymer through free radical polymerization. The copolymer was served as an efficient compatibilizer for poly(vinylidene fluoride)/carboxylated nitrile rubber (PVDF/XNBR) blends. The effects of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) active monomer content (0 mol%-8 mol%) in PMG on the phase morphology, thermal properties, and mechanical performances of the blends were systematically investigated. The results demonstrates that the incorporation of PMG significantly refined the dispersed XNBR domain size, reducing the average size from 1.9 μm to 0.8 μm, while effectively improving XNBR distribution homogeneity in the PVDF matrix. When the PMG contained 2 mol% GMA is added at 14 wt%, the blend exhibits optimal comprehensive properties, achieving maximum elongation at break of 240% and notched impact strength of 49.5 kJ/m2, which represent approximately 485% and 302% increases compared to pure PVDF, and approximately 238% and 112% improvements over the uncompatibilized control sample containing equivalent amounts of inert poly(methyl methacrylate), respectively. This remarkable performance enhancement is primarily attributed to the in-situ reactions between the epoxy groups in PMG and the carboxyl groups in XNBR, forming effective interfacial chemical bonds. This research provides an effective reactive compatibilization and toughening strategy for the alloy modification of fluoroplastics, and the developed high-toughness PVDF/XNBR blends show promising application prospects such as flexible electronic devices and battery material binders.  
    关键词：poly (vinylidene fluoride);carboxylate nitrile rubber;methacrylate copolymer;compatibilization;toughening   
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    “介绍了其在灌注型PMMA树脂韧性提升领域的研究进展，专家采用三阶段乳液聚合法制备了三层核壳橡胶粒子作为增韧剂，通过添加不同用量的乳化剂制备三种不同粒径的CSR粒子，将其添加到灌注型PMMA树脂中，分别制备树脂浇铸体及其碳纤维复合材料进行力学性能测试，并通过扫描电子显微镜对试样断面进行微观形貌表征，研究了CSR粒子的添加量与粒径对灌注型PMMA树脂及其碳纤维复合材料韧性的影响，为船舶用灌注型PMMA树脂及其热塑性复合材料的发展提供了新方向。”

    YUAN Kai, LIU Yuqiong, GUO Wantao, ZHANG Xinggang, LI Xiang, ZHANG Hongyuan

    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2026.02.003
    摘要：To improve the toughness of casting poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin, a three-layer core-shell rubber (CSR) particle was prepared as a toughening agent via a three-stage emulsion polymerization method. Three types of CSR particles with different particle sizes were fabricated by adding varying amounts of emulsifier and then incorporated into the casting PMMA resin to prepare resin casting bodies and their carbon fiber composites, respectively. Mechanical property tests were conducted, and the fracture surface morphologies of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of CSR particle content and particle size on the toughness of the casting PMMA resins and their carbon fiber composites were investigated. The results show that the CSR particles exhibit excellent dispersibility in the resin without sedimentation or agglomeration after 60 days of storage at room temperature. The optimal toughening effect is achieved when 3 wt% CSR2 particles with the particle size of 176.1 nm are added to the casting PMMA resin. The viscosity of the modified resin is measured to be 364.6 mPa·s. Compared with the pristine resin, the modified resin shows an increase of 155.4% in elongation at break and a 77.0% improvement in impact toughness, while maintaining the original tensile strength and modulus of the resin. For the carbon fiber composites, the impact toughness parallel and perpendicular to the fiber direction are enhanced by 21.1% and 15.2%, respectively. SEM fracture surface analysis reveals that the crack deflection and distortion induced by CSR particle deformation, together with the cavitation effect caused by particle debonding, synergistically dissipate energy, thereby significantly improving the toughness of the materials. This study provides a new approach for the development of the casting PMMA resins and their thermoplastic composites for marine applications.  
    关键词：core-shell rubber particles;three-layer structure;casting poly(methyl methacrylate);toughening;emulsion polymerization;carbon fiber reinforced composite   
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    “中间相沥青基碳纤维（MPCF）在航天器结构材料领域展现出巨大应用潜力，但其表面高度石墨化、化学惰性强，导致与树脂基体界面结合薄弱，严重制约了复合材料的整体性能。为解决此问题，研究人员开展了MPCF/环氧树脂复合材料的界面力学性能表征与改性研究。通过纳米压痕技术对MPCF单根纤维进行顶出试验，实现了对界面剪切强度（IFSS）的精准量化。在此基础上，采用聚多巴胺（PDA）为黏结剂、碳纳米管（CNTs）为增强相，对MPCF表面进行上浆改性，构筑了具有微纳结构的分级增强界面。研究结果表明，当CNTs的含量为PDA质量的0.1%时，CNTs对MPCF改性效果最佳，MPCF表面形成了均匀的CNTs网络，表面粗糙度显著增加，并成功引入含氧和含氮官能团，与环氧树脂的接触角由未改性时的64°降至48°。界面力学性能测试结果显示，经CNTs/PDA协同改性后，复合材料的IFSS由未改性时的17.8 MPa提升至24.4 MPa，增幅达37.1%，这主要归因于CNTs构筑的微观机械锁扣效应与PDA引入的化学键合所产生的协同作用显著改善了环氧树脂对MPCF的浸润性。”

    JU Su, ZHANG Hongbin, WEI Xiaoran, CHENG Jiajia, ZHANG Jianwei, HE Yonglyu, YANG Jinshui, LIU Jun, DUAN Ke

    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2026.02.004
    摘要：Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (MPCF) demonstrate immense application potential in aerospace structural materials owing to their exceptional properties, including high modulus, high thermal conductivity, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. However, their highly graphitized and chemically inert surface leads to weak interfacial adhesion with the resin matrix, which severely restricts the overall performances of the composites. To address this issue, the research on the characterization and modification of the interfacial mechanical properties of MPCF/epoxy composites was conducted. Initially, the composite specimens prepared by MPCF bundle were thinned and polished to obtain the samples with thickness of about 50 μm. Subsequently, a single-fiber push-out test was employed using nanoindentation to precisely quantify the interfacial shear strength (IFSS). On this basis, using polydopamine (PDA) as an adhesive layer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a reinforcing phase to modify the surface of MPCF by sizing, a hierarchically reinforced interface with micro-nano structure was constructed by introducing CNTs onto the MPCF surface. The results indicate that the optimal modification effect for MPCF is achieved when the CNTs content is 0.1% of PDA mass. This treatment forms a uniform CNTs network on the MPCF surface, significantly increases the surface roughness, and successfully introduces oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups, reducing the contact angle with epoxy resin from 64° before treatment to 48°. Interfacial performance tests reveal that the synergistic modification with CNTs/PDA increases the IFSS of the composite from 17.8 MPa before treatment to 24.4 MPa, with an increase of 37.1%, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of micro-mechanical interlocking from the CNTs and enhanced chemical bonding provided by the PDA for significantly improving the wettability of epoxy resin to MPCF.  
    关键词：mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber;composite;interfacial shear strength;interfacial modification;carbon nanotube   
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    “介绍了其在环氧树脂增韧领域的研究进展，相关专家探索了丁苯橡胶/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丁二烯橡胶/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯预分散核壳粒子增韧改性环氧树脂课题，为环氧树脂性能优化提供了新思路。”

    TAO Yuehao, ZHENG Yu, GUO Shaoyun

    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2026.02.005
    摘要：Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and butadiene rubber (PBR)/PMMA pre-dispersed core-shell particles were used to toughen epoxy resin. The viscosity of the epoxy resin mixture before curing and the distribution of core-shell particles after curing were tested and analyzed by rotary rheometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. It is found that the core-shell particles can be uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin even when their contents reach 20 phr. The addition of particles increases the viscosity of the blend resin, and the smaller-sized SBR/PMMA core-shell particles have a more significant effect on the viscosity. The thermal and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resin toughened by the two types of particle were evaluated. The toughening mechanism induced by core-shell particles was examined via SEM. The results indicate that the incorporation of core-shell particles reduces the glass transition temperature of the cured resin and enhances its tensile and flexural toughness, but leads to a reduction in tensile and flexural strength as well as modulus. In general, these effects were more pronounced with smaller-sized SBR/PMMA core-shell particles. The impact strength of the cured resin initially increases and then decreases with particle content increasing, which has an optimum at 15 phr. Among the systems studied, the cured resin with PBR/PMMA particle exhibits superior impact resistance, with an impact strength of 36.4 kJ/m2. SEM analysis of the impact fracture surfaces reveals that the particles promote the formation of a multi-stage tearing structure with high surface roughness, thereby contributing to the improved toughness of the resin. Overall, PBR/PMMA core-shell particles demonstrate an effective toughening effect on epoxy resin, with comparatively lower reductions in strength and modulus.  
    关键词：Epoxy resin;pre-dispersed core-shell particles;cured product;toughening modification;impact strength   
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    “介绍了其在高性能材料领域的研究进展，相关专家通过成盐反应、熔融聚合等方法制备了聚酰胺-硅氧烷共聚物，成功解决了聚酰胺与聚硅氧烷相容性差的问题，为聚酰胺在高性能密封与减振降噪等领域的应用拓展提供了新方案。”

    ZHAO Kaili, SHAO Xiaoqing, WANG Jianyue, ZHU Lin, ZHOU Chuanjian

    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2026.02.006
    摘要：To overcome the core problem of inherent incompatibility between polyamide and polysiloxane, polyamide-siloxane copolymer (PA6S) was first synthesized via salt formation reaction, melt polymerization, and solid-state polycondensation. Subsequently, organosilicon-modified polyamide (PA6SP) was obtained through an equilibrium reaction. Finally, PA6SP was blended with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and a series of self-reinforcement materials with varying PA6SP contents were successfully prepared by vacuum vulcanization. The effects of PA6SP contents on the chemical structure, thermal transition behavior, thermal stability, static mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and crosslink density of the materials were systematically investigated. The structural characterization results show that the successful incorporation of polysiloxane segments into the polyamide backbone markedly enhances compatibility between the two components. The incorporation of PA6SP not only establishes a dual network of physical and chemical cross-linking but also promotes synergistic effects between strain-induced crystallization and crystalline phase transformation, which together improve the mechanical properties of the self-reinforcement materials. The mechanical property testing results demonstrate that the tensile strength of the materials with 100 wt% PA6SP (100%PA6SP) can reach 7.05 MPa, which can achieve significant self-reinforcement effects without adding traditional reinforcing fillers such as silica. Furthermore, the loss factor (tanδ) peak value of 100%PA6SP is 0.789 and the effective damping temperature range (tanδ>0.2) spanning 73 ℃ (-13 ℃ to 60 ℃), whilst maintaining good high-temperature resistance. Consequently, the PA6SP self-reinforcement materials expand the application of polyamide materials in high-performance sealing and vibration damping/noise reduction.  
    关键词：melt polymerization;organosilicon-modified polyamides;self-reinforcement;silicone rubber;damping performance;mechanical property   
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    “专家探索了4D打印形状记忆聚合物在可重复吸能结构中的应用，为轻量化与可重复使用难题提供新思路。”

    DENG Zhuangzhuang, BAO Ji, LIU Shihao, FU Lirong, WANG Hongfeng, QIU Na

    DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-3539.2026.02.007
    摘要：Addressing the limitations of traditional energy-absorption structures in terms of lightweight and reusability, this study aimed to explore the potential for application of 4D-printed shape memory polymer for developing repeatable energy-absorbing components. Poly(ethylene glycol-co-1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG) was employed to fabricate triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) topology lattice structures with 4D printing, then its shape memory effect was used to achieve programmable deformation and recovery of the structures. Quasi-static axial compression tests combined with ABAQUS/Explicit finite element simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of TPMS types [Schwarz (P) and Gyroid (G)] on the energy absorption behavior and cyclic stability of the printed structures under specific structural parameters and thermal stimulation conditions. The results demonstrate that the 4D-printed TPMS lattices exhibit typical energy dissipation characteristics during compression. The G lattice achieves energy absorption of 223.6 J and maintains reusable indicator of 62% after four loading cycles, outperforming the P lattice, whose reusable indicator decreases to 48%. Further research shows that the square tube structure (GS structure) filled with G lattice has a specific energy absorption of 7.25 J/g under quasi-static compression, which is 47% higher than that of G lattice. Its impact efficiency reaches 0.96, which is superior to other structural forms. Experimental measurements show strong agreement with simulation predictions, which confirms the PETG-based TPMS lattice can maintain stable energy absorption behavior during the first loading-unloading cycle, and significantly recover its macroscopic shape relying on the shape memory effect. These findings indicate that the 4D printed structure, combining PETG smart materials with TPMS topology, exhibits high energy absorption capacity, excellent cycle stability, and recoverable deformation characteristics, providing an effective technical approach for the design of lightweight energy-absorbing structures in multiple-use scenarios.  
    关键词：4D printing;triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS);poly(ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG);mechanical property;repeatable energy absorption   
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