车门内饰板多属性多目标协同优化设计
贾慧芳，黄晖，邱祖峰
江铃汽车股份有限公司，南昌 330200
Multi-attribute and Multi-objective Collaborative Optimization Design of Door Interior Panel
Jia Huifang, Huang Hui, Qiu Zufeng
Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited Company,Nanchang 330200,China
摘要：针对某车门内饰板的静动态属性能否满足要求的问题，首先基于有限元技术创建内饰板的网格模型，约束其安装点的所有自由度 ，基于模态属性仿真获取其固有频率分别为 53.1，66.8 Hz 和 85.4 Hz，与其激励频率范围不重叠，避免产生共振和异响，符合模态属性要求 。 然后在四个典型接触区域施加相应的载荷，通过准静态刚度仿真获取各个位置的变形，其最大变形为 10.03 mm，小于实际工程要求值，满足刚度属性设计标准。再根据振动激励进行频率响应强度仿真，得到其位移和应力分布，其最大应力为 13.46 MPa，小于材料屈服值，避免产生疲劳强度开裂，符合强度属性要求。最后基于多属性多目标集成手段并采用第二代非劣排序遗传算法对内饰板各个零部件的厚度进行协同优化设计，获取了其最优的结构参数，优化之后其第一阶模态为 51.2 Hz，其刚度最大变形为 14.04 mm，其最大振动强度应力为 18.51 MPa，静动态属性满足要求标准。 与此同时，其总质量有效减轻了 12.5%，实现了轻量化，并且通过了实际生产和路试验证。
Abstract：Aiming at the question of whether the static and dynamic attributes of door interior panel could meet the require- ments. Firstly, the grid model of the interior panel was established based on finite element technology, all degrees of freedom of its mounting point were constrainsed, its natural frequency were 53.1, 66.8 Hz and 85.4 Hz based on modal attribute simulation, it didn't overlap with the excitation frequency range, the resonance and noise was avoided, so it could meet modal attribute requirements. Secondly, the corresponding load were applied to four typical contact areas, the deformation of each position were obtained by quasi-static stiffness simulation, its maximum deformation was 10.03 mm, it was less than the actual engineering requirement value, so it could meet stiffness attribute requirements. Thirdly, the frequency response strength was simulated according to vibration excitation, so its displacement and stress distribution were obtained, its maximum stress was 13.46 MPa, it was less than the material yield value, the fatigue strength cracking would be avoided, so it could meet stiffness attribute requirements. Lastly, its thickness was collaboratively optimized based on multi-attribute and multi-objective integration method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, its optimal structural parameters was obtained, the first order mode is 51.2 Hz, the maximum deformation of stiffness is 14.04 mm, its maximum vibration strength stress is 18.51 MPa, its static and dynamic attributes could meet design requirements after optimization. Its weight is reduced by12.5%, the lightweight is achieved, and it had passed the actual production and road test certificated.
关键词：内饰板；模态；刚度；强度；协同优化
Keywords：interior panel; modal; stiffness; strength; collaborative optimizati
本文引用格式：
贾慧芳，黄晖，邱祖峰.车门内饰板多属性多目标协同优化设计[J].工程塑料应用，2023，51(8)：78-83，100.
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